# 373 IB Mathematics topic ideas for IA and EE

Canonical HTML: https://www.prelearning.de/en/ib-mathematics-ia-ee-topic-list/
Updated: 2026-08-26
Entries: 373

## A: Assessment type
1 = Internal Assessment (IA)
2 = Mathematics Extended Essay (EE)
3 = Potentially suitable for an IA or EE, depending on focus and mathematical depth

## C: Course and level
1 = Mathematics AA SL
2 = Mathematics AA HL
3 = Mathematics AA at SL or HL
4 = Mathematics AI SL
5 = Mathematics AI HL
6 = Mathematics AI at SL or HL
7 = Mathematics AA or AI at SL
8 = Mathematics AA or AI at HL
9 = Mathematics AA or AI at SL or HL

## P: Ways to demonstrate independent direction and personal engagement
1 = Own data, measurements, observations or experiment
2 = Own photographs, drawings, constructions or models
3 = Own sport, video, GPS or tracker context
4 = Own school or class survey or observation
5 = Own everyday, household, consumer or financial data
6 = Local context: environment, buildings, traffic, climate or nature
7 = Own programming, simulation or algorithm
8 = Personal interest: music, art, games, design or another hobby
9 = Public data selected, prepared and analysed independently
10 = Own conjecture, proof idea, generalisation or theoretical comparison
11 = Own modelling decision, construction, optimisation or adaptation
12 = Critical comparison of assumptions, errors, limitations or ethical issues

## M: Measuring instruments, tools or data access
0 = No specialist physical instrument; a calculator, CAS, spreadsheet or open data may be sufficient
1 = Ruler, tape measure, calliper or protractor
2 = Balance or precision scale
3 = Contact thermometer or temperature data logger
4 = Infrared thermometer or thermal camera
5 = Multimeter or another electrical measuring instrument
6 = Stopwatch or timer
7 = Camera or smartphone for photographic and video analysis
8 = GPS device or fitness tracker
9 = Microphone, sound-level meter or audio-analysis software
10 = Light meter, light sensor or solar sensor
11 = Conductivity, pH or salinity meter
12 = Weather instruments, such as an anemometer or rain gauge
13 = Computer, spreadsheet, CAS, GeoGebra, Desmos or Python
14 = Survey form, data sheet or observation record
15 = Force sensor or spring balance
16 = Laboratory glassware, measuring cylinder or pipette
17 = Telescope, binoculars or a suitable camera
18 = Humidity or material-moisture sensor
19 = Non-invasive physiology sensor, such as heart-rate or reaction-time measurement
20 = Physical model, 3D printer or material samples
21 = Specialist school laboratory equipment

## S: Safety and data protection
0 = Likely to be low risk within normal school practice
1 = Supervision recommended, for example for heat, electricity, sport or traffic observation
2 = Carry out only in a school laboratory or with qualified supervision
3 = Sensitive personal or health data: consent, anonymisation and preferably secondary data; no medical self-intervention

## Topic entries
1 | Game theory & decision-making | Nash equilibria in extended rock-paper-scissors games | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8,11 | M=0 | S=0
2 | Biomathematics & medicine | Modelling blood-glucose levels after meals with the Bergman minimal model | A=2 | C=8 | P=1,11 | M=13,19 | S=3
3 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Calculating a family's ecological footprint using geometric means | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=13 | S=0
4 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Calculating the optimal approach speed in long jump | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,3,11 | M=13 | S=1
5 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Benford's law in financial data and election results | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,9 | M=0 | S=0
6 | Chaos & dynamical systems | The logistic map and the transition to chaos | A=2 | C=2 | P=1 | M=13 | S=0
7 | Music, acoustics & waves | Calculating optimal room acoustics for a music studio | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8,11 | M=9,13 | S=0
8 | Art, design & architecture | Proportions in the human face and claims about the golden ratio | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,2 | M=1,7 | S=0
9 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Calculating satellite orbits with Kepler's laws | A=2 | C=2 | P=1 | M=13,17 | S=0
10 | Psychology & cognition | Reaction-time distributions within a class | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=6,19 | S=3
11 | Probability & risk | Calculating expected loss for different insurance types | A=1 | C=6 | P=5 | M=13 | S=0
12 | Culinary mathematics | Calculating the best-value pizza size by area and price | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5,9 | M=1,13 | S=0
13 | Thermodynamics | Newton's law of cooling for coffee in ceramic, glass, metal and paper cups | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5 | M=3 | S=0
14 | Material properties | Evaporation rates of water, ethanol, acetone and salt water under controlled conditions | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,12 | M=2,6,16 | S=2
15 | Electricity | Discharge curves of AA batteries from different brands under a constant load | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,12 | M=5,6,13 | S=1
16 | Combined experiments | Density of water and ethanol at temperatures from 10°C to 60°C | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,1,13 | S=0
17 | Kitchen & everyday life | Optimising coffee brewing: extraction rate versus temperature profile | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=2,3,16 | S=0
18 | Environment | Particulate-filter residue mass across different locations | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,12 | M=2 | S=0
19 | Physiology | Surface heat loss from the human head with and without a hat after exercise | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3,12 | M=4,3,13 | S=3
20 | Materials | Water absorption of brick, wood, concrete and plaster over time | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=2,6,18 | S=0
21 | Algebra & number theory | The golden ratio in architectural proportions across different cultures | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,2 | M=1,7 | S=0
22 | Analysis & calculus | Optimising container dimensions under cost and surface-area constraints | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=1,20 | S=0
23 | Statistics & probability | Chi-squared tests: study habits, screen time and sleep | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=14 | S=3
24 | Mathematical modelling | An SIR model for the spread of disease | A=2 | C=8 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
25 | Geometry & topology | Tessellations: which regular polygons tile the plane? | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
26 | Financial mathematics | Compound interest versus simple interest over different periods | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=0 | S=0
27 | Logic, set theory & proof | Mathematical induction for sums and divisibility identities | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
28 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Graph-colouring problems | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
29 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | The mathematics of recipes: ratios and scaling | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5 | M=0 | S=0
30 | Biomathematics & medicine | Modelling medication concentration and dosage over time with pharmacokinetics | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,9,11 | M=6,13 | S=3
31 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Optimising waste separation with probability models | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,11 | M=13 | S=3
32 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Mathematical analysis of rotation in figure skating using angular momentum | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,3 | M=7,15 | S=0
33 | Data science & introductory algorithms | A basic Fourier-based classification of music genres | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,8 | M=9,13 | S=0
34 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Modelling the double pendulum and its unpredictability | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,11 | M=13 | S=0
35 | Music, acoustics & waves | Overtone series in different musical instruments | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=9,13 | S=0
36 | Art, design & architecture | Calculating perspective in painting using one-point perspective | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2 | M=1,7,13 | S=0
37 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Modelling tidal forces and their mathematical periodicity | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,6,11 | M=6,13 | S=0
38 | Psychology & cognition | Modelling the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve with exponential decay | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,11 | M=13 | S=3
39 | Probability & risk | Modelling smoking risk with life-expectancy data | A=3 | C=6 | P=12 | M=0 | S=3
40 | Culinary mathematics | Modelling coffee brewing through extraction rates and temperature | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=3,13,16 | S=0
41 | Thermodynamics | Insulating performance of cup materials: time taken to approach room temperature | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,12 | M=3,4,1,6 | S=0
42 | Material properties | Determining the density of different woods from mass and volume | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,1,13,14 | S=3
43 | Electricity | Solar-cell power at different light angles and distances | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,11 | M=5,1,10,13 | S=1
44 | Combined experiments | Electrolysis of water: electrode mass change versus applied voltage | A=1 | C=2 | P=1 | M=2,5,16,21 | S=2
45 | Kitchen & everyday life | Which teapot material retains heat longest: cast iron, glass or porcelain? | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5 | M=3,4,1,13 | S=0
46 | Environment | Rainwater: precipitation amount, temperature and electrical conductivity | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=2,3,5,1 | S=1
47 | Physiology | Skin-surface temperature recovery after a safe cold-water exposure | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=4,1,3,19 | S=3
48 | Materials | Heat distribution around skateboard or longboard axles after riding | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3 | M=4,3,8,13 | S=0
49 | Algebra & number theory | Modelling population growth: logistic versus exponential models | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,11 | M=13 | S=1
50 | Analysis & calculus | Newton's law of cooling: modelling with differential equations | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,11 | M=3,13 | S=0
51 | Statistics & probability | The birthday paradox: simulation versus theoretical probability | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,4,5 | M=13,14 | S=3
52 | Mathematical modelling | Predator-prey dynamics: the Lotka-Volterra equations | A=2 | C=2 | P=6 | M=0 | S=0
53 | Geometry & topology | The Seven Bridges of Königsberg and graph theory | A=3 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
54 | Financial mathematics | Mortgage repayment: how much can an extra payment save? | A=1 | C=6 | P=5 | M=0 | S=0
55 | Logic, set theory & proof | Boolean algebra and logic gates: De Morgan's laws | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7 | M=0 | S=0
56 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Analysing sorting algorithms: running time and comparisons | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,7,12 | M=6,13 | S=0
57 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Optimising how to pack a suitcase or backpack | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=0 | S=0
58 | Game theory & decision-making | Optimal blackjack hand strategy using probability | A=3 | C=8 | P=1,7,8 | M=13 | S=0
59 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Modelling seasonal water levels in local lakes | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,11 | M=13 | S=0
60 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Modelling force distribution while climbing on different wall angles | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,3,11 | M=13,15 | S=1
61 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Analysing sentiment trends on social media over time | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=6 | S=0
62 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Sensitivity to initial conditions and the butterfly effect | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7 | M=13 | S=0
63 | Music, acoustics & waves | Modelling dissonance with interval-frequency ratios | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8,11 | M=9,13 | S=0
64 | Art, design & architecture | Mathematical analysis of Escher tessellations and symmetry groups | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,4,8 | M=0 | S=0
65 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Light curves of variable stars | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=10,17 | S=0
66 | Psychology & cognition | Analysing mathematical patterns in sleep and REM cycles | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=6 | S=3
67 | Probability & risk | Modelling the failure probability of technical devices | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,11,12 | M=13 | S=0
68 | Culinary mathematics | The geometry of pasta shapes and their cooking times | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,5 | M=6 | S=0
69 | Thermodynamics | Heating surfaces of different colours in sunlight: black, white, red and silver | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=3,4,1 | S=0
70 | Material properties | Water content of fruits and vegetables measured by oven drying | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=2 | S=1
71 | Electricity | Internal resistance of alkaline, NiMH and lithium batteries | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,12 | M=5,13 | S=1
72 | Combined experiments | Specific heat capacity of different liquids under equal energy input | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3 | S=0
73 | Kitchen & everyday life | Ice-cream melting rate: mass loss and surface temperature across different formulations | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,12 | M=2,4,1,3 | S=1
74 | Environment | Compost: mass loss and core temperature over four weeks | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=2,3,6 | S=0
75 | Physiology | Sweat-related body-mass change during exercise under different ambient conditions | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3 | M=2,3,13,19 | S=3
76 | Materials | Moisture absorption by three-dimensional printing filaments | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,6,13,18 | S=0
77 | Algebra & number theory | RSA encryption and prime number theory | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
78 | Analysis & calculus | Calculating work done by a variable force in sport | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,3 | M=13 | S=0
79 | Statistics & probability | Regression: carbon dioxide emissions and global temperatures | A=1 | C=6 | P=9 | M=3,13 | S=0
80 | Mathematical modelling | The trajectory of a basketball or tennis shot | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3 | M=7 | S=0
81 | Geometry & topology | Fractal geometry and the coastline paradox | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,10 | M=0 | S=0
82 | Financial mathematics | The true cost of minimum credit-card payments | A=1 | C=4 | P=1,5 | M=13 | S=0
83 | Logic, set theory & proof | Cantor's infinities: countability and the diagonal argument | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
84 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Huffman coding and data compression | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,7 | M=0 | S=0
85 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Room acoustics and reverberation time | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8 | M=9 | S=0
86 | Game theory & decision-making | The mathematics of auction systems: English versus Dutch auctions | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,7,8 | M=13 | S=0
87 | Biomathematics & medicine | Heart-rate variability analysed with statistical methods | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,3 | M=8,19 | S=3
88 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Optimising swimming technique through drag models | A=3 | C=8 | P=1,3,11 | M=6,13 | S=1
89 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Testing the predictive accuracy of weather apps with regression | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=13 | S=0
90 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Julia sets and their dependence on parameters | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,11 | M=0 | S=0
91 | Music, acoustics & waves | Mathematical analysis of rhythm patterns across music genres | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8 | M=9 | S=0
92 | Art, design & architecture | Curves in typeface design: Bézier curves | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=0 | S=0
93 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Calculating stellar distances by parallax | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=1,13,17 | S=0
94 | Psychology & cognition | Optimising break intervals in study sessions with a Pomodoro model | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=3
95 | Probability & risk | Calculating optimal diversification in an investment portfolio | A=3 | C=5 | P=1,7,11 | M=13 | S=0
96 | Culinary mathematics | Calculating optimal lasagne layering with heat-conduction models | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,5,11 | M=3,13 | S=0
97 | Thermodynamics | Heat distribution across a laptop under CPU load | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,10 | M=4,3,7 | S=0
98 | Material properties | Carbon dioxide loss from fizzy drinks over 48 hours under different storage conditions | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=2,6 | S=0
99 | Electricity | Voltage drop along copper cables of different lengths and cross-sections | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=5,13 | S=1
100 | Combined experiments | Solar-cell voltage loss as temperature increases | A=1 | C=8 | P=1 | M=4,5,1,3 | S=1
101 | Kitchen & everyday life | Bread baking: water loss and core temperature over time | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5 | M=2,3 | S=1
102 | Environment | Solar cooker: water temperature and evaporation mass at different angles | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,11 | M=2,3,1,10 | S=1
103 | Physiology | Hand-surface temperature before and after a low-risk cognitive task | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=4,3,19 | S=3
104 | Materials | Thermal response of granite, wood and stainless-steel worktops | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5 | M=3,4,1 | S=0
105 | Algebra & number theory | Pascal's triangle: patterns, binomial coefficients and combinatorics | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
106 | Analysis & calculus | Convergence of series: the harmonic series, Basel problem and geometric series | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
107 | Statistics & probability | The Monty Hall problem: simulation versus theory | A=1 | C=7 | P=1,7 | M=13 | S=0
108 | Mathematical modelling | Logistic growth in social-media followers and viral trends | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=0 | S=1
109 | Geometry & topology | Platonic solids: Euler's formula and why there are exactly five | A=3 | C=3 | P=2 | M=20 | S=0
110 | Financial mathematics | Saving strategies: lump-sum investment versus regular deposits | A=1 | C=4 | P=1,5,11 | M=0 | S=0
111 | Logic, set theory & proof | Arrow's impossibility theorem and voting systems | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
112 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Modelling networks with adjacency matrices | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
113 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Modelling an optimal running pace | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3,11 | M=13 | S=0
114 | Game theory & decision-making | The prisoner's dilemma in repeated games | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,4,11 | M=0 | S=0
115 | Biomathematics & medicine | Modelling tumour growth: Gompertz versus exponential models | A=2 | C=8 | P=11 | M=13 | S=3
116 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Statistical analysis of the effectiveness of recycling programmes | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,7 | M=13 | S=0
117 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Calculating text similarity with introductory vector models | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,12 | M=13 | S=0
118 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Calculating Lyapunov exponents for simple functions | A=2 | C=2 | P=7,10 | M=13 | S=0
119 | Music, acoustics & waves | Calculating string lengths for alternative tuning systems | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=9,13,14 | S=3
120 | Art, design & architecture | Calculating optimal stage lighting through angle analysis | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8,11 | M=1,10,13 | S=0
121 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Modelling a rocket trajectory with air resistance | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,11 | M=13 | S=1
122 | Psychology & cognition | The Stroop effect analysed with statistical hypothesis tests | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=0 | S=3
123 | Probability & risk | Perceived risk versus measured risk: air travel and driving | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,4,12 | M=14 | S=3
124 | Culinary mathematics | Analysing bubble distributions in bread and sparkling drinks with a Poisson model | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,2,5 | M=7 | S=0
125 | Thermodynamics | Temperature gradients in a classroom from floor to desk height and ceiling over a day | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=3,4,1,6 | S=0
126 | Material properties | Absorption rates of toilet paper, kitchen roll and newspaper | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=2,6 | S=0
127 | Electricity | Charging and discharging capacitors of different capacitances | A=1 | C=2 | P=1 | M=5 | S=0
128 | Combined experiments | Evaporation: mass loss versus surface temperature in wind, sun and shade | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=2,4,1,3 | S=0
129 | Kitchen & everyday life | Yoghurt fermentation: temperature profile and mass change | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=2,3,16 | S=1
130 | Environment | Heat loss from buildings using facade surface-temperature measurements | A=1 | C=6 | P=2,6 | M=4,1,3 | S=0
131 | Physiology | Reaction time and naturally observed body-temperature variation | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,10 | M=3,13,19 | S=3
132 | Materials | Electrical conductivity of pencil lines with grades from 2H to 6B | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,2 | M=5,13 | S=1
133 | Algebra & number theory | Fibonacci numbers and the limiting ratio of consecutive terms | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,6 | M=13 | S=0
134 | Analysis & calculus | The mathematics of rainbow formation: Snell's law, refraction and optimisation | A=3 | C=2 | P=6,11 | M=0 | S=0
135 | Statistics & probability | Statistical bias in media reporting | A=1 | C=6 | P=9,12 | M=0 | S=0
136 | Mathematical modelling | Traffic flow at roundabouts or traffic lights | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,6 | M=0 | S=1
137 | Geometry & topology | Using vectors to model three-dimensional reflections in a kaleidoscope | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,2,4 | M=13,20 | S=0
138 | Financial mathematics | An introduction to the Black-Scholes model for option pricing | A=2 | C=5 | P=1 | M=13 | S=0
139 | Logic, set theory & proof | Truth tables and their minimisation | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,2,7 | M=20 | S=0
140 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Heuristics for the travelling salesperson problem | A=2 | C=8 | P=1,11 | M=8 | S=0
141 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Analysing the efficiency of water pumps | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=0 | S=0
142 | Game theory & decision-making | Optimal positioning in penalty kicks using mixed strategies | A=3 | C=8 | P=1,3,11 | M=7 | S=0
143 | Biomathematics & medicine | Mathematical analysis of mosquito-population spread | A=3 | C=9 | P=6 | M=12 | S=0
144 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Calculating optimal home insulation using heat conduction | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=3,13 | S=0
145 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Optimising launch angles in archery | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,3,11 | M=1 | S=1
146 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Modelling population fluctuations with discrete dynamical systems | A=1 | C=8 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
147 | Music, acoustics & waves | Sound propagation through different materials | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=9 | S=0
148 | Art, design & architecture | Modelling wave patterns in textile design | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,2,11 | M=13 | S=0
149 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Mathematical patterns in planetary resonances | A=2 | C=2 | P=9 | M=9 | S=0
150 | Psychology & cognition | Modelling decision fatigue with probability models | A=1 | C=5 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=3
151 | Probability & risk | The probability of natural disasters at a particular location | A=3 | C=6 | P=6 | M=13 | S=0
152 | Culinary mathematics | Modelling fermentation in bread and yoghurt with exponential growth | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=13 | S=1
153 | Thermodynamics | Cooling curves of aluminium, copper and iron from the same starting temperature | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=3 | S=0
154 | Material properties | Osmosis: mass change of potato slices in salt solutions from 0% to 20% | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5 | M=2,13,16 | S=0
155 | Electricity | Electrical conductivity of water, juice, cola and salt water | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=5,11,13,16 | S=1
156 | Combined experiments | Freezing-point depression: dissolved salt or sugar mass versus minimum temperature | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,13,16 | S=0
157 | Kitchen & everyday life | Water and mass loss from cheese or cured food during refrigerated storage | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=2,13 | S=0
158 | Environment | Algal growth: biomass and aquarium-water temperature over time | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=2,3,6,13 | S=1
159 | Algebra & number theory | Number systems and modular arithmetic in computer science | A=3 | C=2 | P=7 | M=13 | S=0
160 | Analysis & calculus | Modelling roller-coaster curves with cubic and quintic functions | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
161 | Statistics & probability | Correlation between study time and predicted IB grades | A=1 | C=4 | P=1,10 | M=14 | S=3
162 | Mathematical modelling | The mathematics of music: frequency ratios and overtones | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=9 | S=0
163 | Geometry & topology | Non-Euclidean geometry: angle sums on a sphere and a hyperbolic surface | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=1 | S=0
164 | Financial mathematics | Returns across different types of investment | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,9 | M=0 | S=0
165 | Logic, set theory & proof | Different proofs that there are infinitely many primes | A=2 | C=3 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
166 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Hash functions and collisions | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7 | M=0 | S=0
167 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | The mathematics of photography: exposure and aperture | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,2,8 | M=7,10 | S=0
168 | Game theory & decision-making | The mathematics behind bidding strategies in The Price Is Right | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,7,8 | M=13 | S=0
169 | Biomathematics & medicine | BMI and its statistical validity across different populations | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,12 | M=13,14 | S=3
170 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Correlation between air quality and asthma incidence | A=3 | C=6 | P=6,9,10 | M=12 | S=3
171 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Mathematical analysis of the Magnus effect in a football free kick | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,3 | M=7 | S=0
172 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Modelling Netflix-style recommendations with simple distance measures | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,3,8 | M=13 | S=0
173 | Music, acoustics & waves | Modelling vibrato frequency and its perception | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,11,12 | M=9,13,14 | S=0
174 | Art, design & architecture | Analysing proportions in fashion: clothing sizes and golden-ratio claims | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,8,9 | M=1 | S=0
175 | Astronomy & spaceflight | Calculating optimal launch windows with Hohmann transfers | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
176 | Psychology & cognition | Correlation between music genre and mathematical performance | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,8 | M=9,14 | S=3
177 | Probability & risk | Modelling cafeteria queues with a Poisson process | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,4,11 | M=13 | S=0
178 | Culinary mathematics | Calculating an optimal chocolate-melting temperature | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,5,11 | M=3,13 | S=1
179 | Thermodynamics | Heat storage in sand, clay and humus under equal energy input | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,6 | M=3,4,1 | S=0
180 | Material properties | Corrosion of iron nails in water, salt water, cola and vinegar | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=2,6,13 | S=1
181 | Electricity | Voltage from homemade galvanic cells using lemons, potatoes, cola and apples | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5 | M=5 | S=2
182 | Combined experiments | Conductivity versus salt concentration in aqueous solutions | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=2,5,11,13 | S=1
183 | Kitchen & everyday life | Packaging fruit: mass loss under cling film, vacuum storage and wax wrap | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,12 | M=2,6 | S=1
184 | Environment | Paving stones versus grass: daytime surface temperature and night-time cooling | A=1 | C=6 | P=6 | M=3,4,1,13 | S=0
185 | Algebra & number theory | Magic squares: algebraic construction methods | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
186 | Analysis & calculus | Riemann sums and numerical integration | A=3 | C=2 | P=12 | M=13 | S=0
187 | Statistics & probability | The normal distribution in sports performance data | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3 | M=0 | S=0
188 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling the spread of rumours in a school community | A=1 | C=8 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
189 | Geometry & topology | The golden spiral in selected natural forms | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,2,6 | M=7 | S=0
190 | Financial mathematics | Calculating the effective annual percentage rate on consumer loans | A=1 | C=4 | P=5 | M=13 | S=0
191 | Logic, set theory & proof | Paradoxes in set theory | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
192 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Binary trees and their properties | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
193 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Modelling optimal lighting in a room | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=10,13 | S=0
194 | Game theory & decision-making | Zero-sum games in classic board games | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=0 | S=0
195 | Biomathematics & medicine | Correlation between sleep duration and cognitive performance | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,10 | M=19 | S=3
196 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Modelling plastic degradation in oceans with exponential decay | A=3 | C=6 | P=6,9,11 | M=13 | S=0
197 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Modelling an optimal stride pattern for the 100-metre sprint | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,11 | M=8,13 | S=0
198 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Cluster formation in friendship networks | A=3 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=14 | S=3
199 | Chaos & dynamical systems | Arnold tongues in the circle map | A=2 | C=2 | P=8,10 | M=9,14 | S=3
200 | Art, design & architecture | The mathematics of three-dimensional printing structures and infill patterns | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2 | M=20 | S=0
201 | Astronomy & spaceflight | The distribution of asteroids in the Solar System | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=17 | S=0
202 | Psychology & cognition | Calculating an optimal group size for effective learning | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,11 | M=13 | S=3
203 | Probability & risk | Calculating the risk of base-rate errors in everyday decisions | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,12 | M=13,19 | S=0
204 | Culinary mathematics | The mathematics of laminated dough folds | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
205 | Thermodynamics | Melting rate of ice shapes: volume, surface area and form | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,1 | S=0
206 | Material properties | Fermentation: carbon dioxide loss from yeast-sugar solutions of different concentrations | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=2,16 | S=0
207 | Electricity | Photovoltaic power loss under partial shading in series and parallel circuits | A=1 | C=8 | P=1,3,11 | M=5,7,10,13 | S=1
208 | Combined experiments | Heat capacity of coins made from different alloys | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,3,16 | S=0
209 | Kitchen & everyday life | Surface-temperature patterns after different forms of exercise | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3,12 | M=3,19 | S=3
210 | Environment | Household waste separation: mass of different fractions per week | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=2 | S=0
211 | Algebra & number theory | The Collatz conjecture: convergence behaviour for different starting values | A=2 | C=2 | P=7,10 | M=0 | S=0
212 | Analysis & calculus | Parameter changes in the logistic function | A=3 | C=8 | P=9,11 | M=0 | S=0
213 | Statistics & probability | Bayes' theorem and the reliability of medical tests | A=3 | C=2 | P=10,12 | M=0 | S=3
214 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling the spread of wildfires | A=2 | C=8 | P=6,7,9 | M=13 | S=0
215 | Geometry & topology | Calculating sightlines in a theatre or concert hall | A=1 | C=3 | P=2,6,8 | M=1,13 | S=0
216 | Financial mathematics | Modelling the effect of inflation on purchasing power | A=1 | C=6 | P=11 | M=13 | S=0
217 | Logic, set theory & proof | Modelling logic puzzles with propositional logic | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
218 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Modelling game strategies with game trees | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8,11 | M=13 | S=0
219 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | The mathematics of perfume: evaporation and diffusion | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,8 | M=16 | S=0
220 | Game theory & decision-making | Modelling negotiation strategies with cooperative game theory | A=3 | C=5 | P=1,8,11 | M=13 | S=0
221 | Biomathematics & medicine | Modelling the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7,11 | M=13 | S=3
222 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Optimising solar-panel orientation for maximum energy yield | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,6,11 | M=10 | S=0
223 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Calculating stability in different yoga poses using centre of mass | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,3 | M=1,7,13,15 | S=0
224 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Time-series analysis: forecasting share prices with moving averages | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
225 | Music, acoustics & waves | Analysing the mathematical structure of canons and fugues | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,8 | M=9 | S=0
226 | Thermodynamics | Thermal conductivity of metal rods measured by the time taken for wax to melt | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=3,6,13 | S=1
227 | Material properties | Sublimation of dry ice: mass loss over time at constant conditions | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,6,21 | S=2
228 | Electricity | Thermoelectric voltage as a function of temperature difference using a Peltier element | A=1 | C=2 | P=1 | M=3,5,13 | S=1
229 | Combined experiments | Thermocouple voltage as a function of hot-to-cold water-bath temperature difference | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,6 | M=3,5,13,16 | S=1
230 | Kitchen & everyday life | Hand surface-temperature recovery after a safe cold-water exposure | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=4,1,3,6 | S=3
231 | Environment | Water mass loss from plastic and glass containers over time | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,16 | S=0
232 | Algebra & number theory | Perfect numbers and their rarity | A=3 | C=3 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
233 | Analysis & calculus | Optimising the flight path of a paper aeroplane | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3,11 | M=1,7 | S=0
234 | Statistics & probability | Grade distributions across different school subjects | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
235 | Mathematical modelling | Optimising seating arrangements in a classroom | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,11 | M=14 | S=3
236 | Geometry & topology | Symmetry in Islamic art | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,2,8 | M=7 | S=0
237 | Financial mathematics | Insurance models and premium calculations | A=1 | C=6 | P=5 | M=13 | S=0
238 | Logic, set theory & proof | An introduction to Gödel's incompleteness theorems | A=2 | C=2 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
239 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Error-detecting codes and Hamming distance | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,3,8 | M=0 | S=0
240 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Analysing the stability of towers built from blocks | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,2,11 | M=15,20 | S=0
241 | Biomathematics & medicine | The geometry and optimisation of leaf-vein networks | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,6,11 | M=0 | S=0
242 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Mathematical analysis of wind-energy potential at a location | A=3 | C=6 | P=6 | M=12 | S=0
243 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Mathematical patterns in dance choreography | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,3,8 | M=7 | S=0
244 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Introductory image compression with singular value decomposition | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,7 | M=0 | S=0
245 | Music, acoustics & waves | Calculating the resonant frequencies of glasses in a glass harmonica | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=9,13 | S=0
246 | Art, design & architecture | Calculating tension in tent structures based on hyperbolic paraboloids | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,2,11 | M=5,13,20 | S=1
247 | Thermodynamics | Temperature change while baking a muffin: core versus surface temperature | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=3 | S=1
248 | Material properties | Hygroscopicity of salts and sugars: mass gain from moisture in air | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,6,13,18 | S=0
249 | Electricity | Temperature-dependent resistance of an incandescent lamp | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=3,5 | S=1
250 | Combined experiments | Calorimetry: determining the specific heat capacity of a metal | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,3,16 | S=0
251 | Kitchen & everyday life | Temperature change in a vacuum flask over 24 hours | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=3,6,13 | S=0
252 | Environment | Water samples: dissolved-solid mass and electrical conductivity | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=2,5,13 | S=1
253 | Algebra & number theory | The relationship between continued fractions and irrational numbers | A=2 | C=2 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
254 | Analysis & calculus | Speed and acceleration while cycling | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,3 | M=8 | S=3
255 | Statistics & probability | Comparing mean, median and mode in salary data | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,9,12 | M=0 | S=0
256 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling water supply in a city | A=1 | C=6 | P=6,11 | M=13 | S=0
257 | Geometry & topology | Modelling shadows cast by sundials | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,2,3 | M=7,10,13,20 | S=0
258 | Financial mathematics | Comparing vehicle leasing with purchasing | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,12 | M=0 | S=0
259 | Logic, set theory & proof | Proof methods: direct proof, contraposition and contradiction | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
260 | Discrete mathematics & computer science | Recurrence relations and the Tower of Hanoi | A=2 | C=3 | P=1,7 | M=0 | S=0
261 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Modelling an optimal racket length in sport | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3,11 | M=13 | S=0
262 | Biomathematics & medicine | Mathematical modelling of visual acuity and corrective-lens power | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=13,19 | S=3
263 | Environmental mathematics & sustainability | Calculating carbon dioxide emissions per kilometre for different forms of transport | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=8,13 | S=0
264 | Sports biomechanics & movement | Analysing the optimal riding position on a road bicycle | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,3,11 | M=0 | S=0
265 | Data science & introductory algorithms | Password-strength patterns through combinatorics | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
266 | Thermodynamics | Heating of asphalt, grass and water in midday sun | A=1 | C=6 | P=6 | M=3,4,1 | S=0
267 | Material properties | Burning rates of candles with different diameters and wax types | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,9 | M=2,1,6,13 | S=1
268 | Electricity | Voltage and capacity change of a lithium-ion battery over repeated charge cycles | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=5,6,13 | S=1
269 | Combined experiments | Electroplating: cathode mass gain versus voltage and time | A=1 | C=2 | P=1 | M=2,5,13,21 | S=2
270 | Algebra & number theory | Euler's totient function and its properties | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
271 | Analysis & calculus | Modelling breathing with sinusoidal functions | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
272 | Statistics & probability | Waiting times in the school cafeteria | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4 | M=6 | S=0
273 | Mathematical modelling | The propagation of sound waves in rooms | A=3 | C=8 | P=1 | M=9 | S=0
274 | Geometry & topology | Sphere-packing density in three dimensions | A=3 | C=2 | P=1 | M=2,20 | S=0
275 | Financial mathematics | Calculating the break-even point for a small business | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=13 | S=0
276 | Logic, set theory & proof | Equivalence relations and partitions | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
277 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | The mathematics of origami folds | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,8 | M=20 | S=0
278 | Thermodynamics | Heat loss through single, double and triple glazing in winter | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=4,1,3 | S=0
279 | Material properties | Water loss from cut flowers in different solutions | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,12 | M=2,6,16 | S=0
280 | Electricity | Power output of a small wind turbine at simulated wind speeds | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=5,12 | S=1
281 | Combined experiments | Corrosion and conductivity: metal mass loss versus electrical response of the solution | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,5,13,16 | S=1
282 | Algebra & number theory | Diophantine equations and their solvability | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
283 | Analysis & calculus | Calculating the volume of irregular objects by integration | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2 | M=1,13,20 | S=0
284 | Statistics & probability | Analysing success rates in basketball or throwing tasks | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3 | M=0 | S=0
285 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling the growth of bacterial cultures | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,11 | M=13,21 | S=1
286 | Geometry & topology | Reflection geometry in architecture | A=1 | C=3 | P=2,6,8 | M=7 | S=0
287 | Financial mathematics | Lottery probabilities and expected value | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,10 | M=13 | S=0
288 | Logic, set theory & proof | Modelling circuits with Karnaugh-Veitch maps | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,8,11 | M=13 | S=0
289 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Comparing the efficiency of stairs and lifts | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=0 | S=0
290 | Thermodynamics | Surface-temperature recovery after ten minutes of exercise | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,3,12 | M=3,19 | S=3
291 | Material properties | Mass change caused by adsorption onto activated carbon | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,16 | S=0
292 | Electricity | Electrical conductivity of soil samples at different moisture levels | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=2,5,13,18 | S=1
293 | Combined experiments | Heat-storage capacity of equal masses of stone, metal and wood | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,13 | S=0
294 | Algebra & number theory | Properties of Mersenne primes | A=3 | C=3 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
295 | Analysis & calculus | Limits and L'Hôpital's rule | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
296 | Statistics & probability | Testing the randomness of music shuffle functions | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,8 | M=9 | S=0
297 | Mathematical modelling | Optimising routes to school or work | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,4,11 | M=8,13 | S=0
298 | Geometry & topology | Curves of constant width and the Reuleaux triangle | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
299 | Financial mathematics | Modelling exchange-rate fluctuations | A=1 | C=6 | P=11 | M=13 | S=0
300 | Logic, set theory & proof | Properties of relations: reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,10 | M=0 | S=0
301 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Modelling the amount of coffee needed to maximise caffeine extraction | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=13 | S=0
302 | Material properties | Filtration efficiency measured by suspended-solid mass in different water samples | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,11 | M=2 | S=0
303 | Electricity | Voltage distribution in series and parallel circuits with identical lamps | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,10,12 | M=5 | S=1
304 | Combined experiments | Battery discharge across different temperatures using safe manufacturer-approved conditions | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,3,5 | S=2
305 | Algebra & number theory | The mathematics of ISBN and IBAN check digits | A=1 | C=7 | P=1 | M=13 | S=0
306 | Analysis & calculus | Areas between curves and their meaning in economics | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=1 | S=0
307 | Statistics & probability | Comparing probabilities in different games of chance | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,12 | M=13 | S=0
308 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling climate change with simple climate models | A=3 | C=5 | P=6,9,11 | M=13 | S=0
309 | Geometry & topology | Calculating areas with Pick's theorem | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,10 | M=1,13,20 | S=0
310 | Financial mathematics | Calculating economic order quantity with the EOQ model | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
311 | Logic, set theory & proof | A proof of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=13 | S=0
312 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | The mathematics of soap bubbles and minimal surfaces | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=1 | S=0
313 | Thermodynamics | Temperature changes in chemical hot and cold packs | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,11 | M=3,4,1,13 | S=2
314 | Electricity | Surface resistance of wood, metal, plastic and water | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=5,1 | S=1
315 | Combined experiments | Drying curves of wet clay or paper: mass loss and surface temperature | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,12 | M=2,4,1,3 | S=0
316 | Algebra & number theory | Number sequences and their explicit formulae | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,10 | M=0 | S=0
317 | Analysis & calculus | Modelling oscillations with damped harmonic oscillators | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
318 | Statistics & probability | Correlation between weather and mood | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6,10 | M=12,14 | S=3
319 | Mathematical modelling | The propagation of light through different media | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=10 | S=0
320 | Geometry & topology | Voronoi diagrams in natural structures | A=3 | C=9 | P=1,6 | M=0 | S=0
321 | Financial mathematics | Depreciation methods in accounting | A=1 | C=6 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
322 | Logic, set theory & proof | Axiom systems through the example of geometry | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
323 | Applied & interdisciplinary mathematics | Analysing the distribution of stars in the night sky | A=3 | C=6 | P=1 | M=17 | S=0
324 | Thermodynamics | Thermal radiation from matte black and shiny metal surfaces at the same temperature | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=4,1,3 | S=0
325 | Material properties | Comparing fat content in crisps by supervised solvent extraction | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,12 | M=2,16,21 | S=2
326 | Combined experiments | Baking soda and vinegar: carbon dioxide mass loss and temperature change | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5,11 | M=2,3,13 | S=1
327 | Algebra & number theory | The mathematics behind Sudoku-solving strategies | A=1 | C=7 | P=1,7,8 | M=13,16 | S=0
328 | Analysis & calculus | Optimising a vehicle's fuel consumption | A=1 | C=8 | P=1,5,11 | M=0 | S=0
329 | Statistics & probability | Statistical analysis of election results and forecasts | A=1 | C=6 | P=9 | M=13 | S=0
330 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling population change in a city | A=1 | C=6 | P=6,9,11 | M=13 | S=0
331 | Geometry & topology | Geometric constructions of ellipses and parabolas | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=0 | S=0
332 | Financial mathematics | Comparing fixed-term and instant-access savings rates over ten years | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,9 | M=0 | S=0
333 | Thermodynamics | Temperature change inside a compost heap over fourteen days | A=1 | C=6 | P=6 | M=3,6 | S=1
334 | Material properties | Salt content of water samples measured by evaporation and residue mass | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,6 | M=2,11,13,16 | S=0
335 | Electricity | Power output of a bicycle dynamo at different rotational speeds | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3,11 | M=5,8,9,13 | S=1
336 | Algebra & number theory | Palindromic numbers in different bases | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,7 | M=13 | S=0
337 | Analysis & calculus | Curvature in bridges and arches | A=3 | C=3 | P=6 | M=0 | S=0
338 | Statistics & probability | Battery life across different brands | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,12 | M=5 | S=1
339 | Mathematical modelling | The trajectory of a frisbee or boomerang | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,3 | M=7 | S=0
340 | Geometry & topology | Properties of torus knots | A=2 | C=2 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
341 | Financial mathematics | Modelling retirement savings under different scenarios | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,11 | M=13 | S=0
342 | Thermodynamics | Cooling molten wax or chocolate: phase transition and solidification | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5,11 | M=3,4,13 | S=1
343 | Material properties | Biomass growth of cress or sprouts over fourteen days | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=2,6 | S=1
344 | Electricity | Bioelectric voltages in selected fruits, vegetables and plant tissues | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5,6 | M=5 | S=1
345 | Combined experiments | Resistance change as a resistor heats during current flow | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,6 | M=4,5,1,3 | S=1
346 | Algebra & number theory | The distribution and density of prime numbers | A=2 | C=2 | P=10 | M=0 | S=0
347 | Analysis & calculus | Calculating the centroid of irregular regions | A=3 | C=3 | P=1,2,11 | M=1,13,20 | S=0
348 | Statistics & probability | Waiting times on public transport | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,6 | M=6,8 | S=0
349 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling household water consumption | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5,11 | M=13 | S=0
350 | Geometry & topology | Great-circle distances on Earth | A=3 | C=3 | P=1 | M=13 | S=0
351 | Thermodynamics | Surface heating of smartphone batteries during gaming, streaming and standby | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=3,4,1,5 | S=1
352 | Material properties | Density and air fraction in different chocolate bars measured by water displacement | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,5,12 | M=2 | S=0
353 | Electricity | Piezoelectric voltage under different applied forces | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=5,15 | S=2
354 | Combined experiments | Plant growth: biomass versus leaf-surface temperature | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,10 | M=2,4,3 | S=1
355 | Algebra & number theory | Repeating patterns in decimal expansions | A=1 | C=3 | P=1,10 | M=13 | S=0
356 | Analysis & calculus | Taylor series and their convergence | A=2 | C=2 | P=10,12 | M=0 | S=0
357 | Statistics & probability | The normal distribution of student heights in a class | A=1 | C=4 | P=1,4 | M=14 | S=3
358 | Mathematical modelling | Light propagation in optical fibres | A=3 | C=2 | P=1,11 | M=10,13 | S=0
359 | Geometry & topology | Penrose tilings | A=2 | C=2 | P=1,2,11 | M=20 | S=0
360 | Thermodynamics | Heat output of LED, halogen and incandescent lamps at comparable brightness | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,11,12 | M=4,1,3,10 | S=1
361 | Material properties | Sugar solubility in water from 20°C to 80°C | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,3,13,16 | S=0
362 | Electricity | Thermocouple voltage for different metal pairs and junction temperatures | A=1 | C=2 | P=1,6 | M=3,5,13 | S=2
363 | Combined experiments | Comparing coffee cups using mass, surface temperature and core temperature | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,5,11 | M=2,3,4,1 | S=0
364 | Algebra & number theory | The mathematics of barcodes and QR codes | A=1 | C=7 | P=1 | M=0 | S=0
365 | Analysis & calculus | Modelling plant growth rates | A=1 | C=9 | P=1,6,11 | M=13 | S=1
366 | Statistics & probability | Comparing box plots across different school grading systems | A=1 | C=6 | P=4,12 | M=0 | S=0
367 | Mathematical modelling | Modelling the efficiency of solar-energy systems | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,11 | M=13 | S=0
368 | Thermodynamics | A temperature map of a hotplate: centre-to-edge variation | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,5 | M=4,3 | S=1
369 | Material properties | Drying rates of cotton, polyester, wool and microfibre textiles | A=1 | C=6 | P=1,12 | M=2,6 | S=0
370 | Electricity | Battery discharge at different ambient temperatures | A=1 | C=9 | P=1 | M=3,5 | S=1
371 | Combined experiments | Ice formation: frost mass gain and surface temperature over time | A=1 | C=3 | P=1 | M=2,4,1,3 | S=0
372 | Analysis & calculus | Analysing speed distributions in traffic flow | A=1 | C=8 | P=6 | M=0 | S=0
373 | Statistics & probability | The probability of twin births | A=1 | C=6 | P=9 | M=13 | S=3

Editorial note: The codes are planning guidance, not an official IB approval. Course fit depends on the current subject guide, assessment session, scope and mathematical depth.